English Language for Exams Part 31 #EL #CE

Compound Tenses – Active Voice

Present Perfect Simple: He has played football.

Past Perfect Simple: He had played football.

Present Perfect Progressive:

He has been playing football.

Past Perfect Progressive:

He had been playing football.

Compound Tenses – Passive Voice

Present/Past Perfect:

The house has/had been built.

Note that have is an irregular verb, too:

Simple Present: I/we/you/they have, he/she/it has

Simple Past: I/he/she/it/we/you/they had

Past Participle: had

“have” in positive sentences

As a full verb have indicates possession. In British English, however, we usually use have got (have being the auxiliary, got the full verb).

full verb:

I have a car.

auxiliary verb:

I have got a car.

“have” in negative sentences and questions

When we use have as a full verb, we must use the auxiliary do in negative sentences and questions. If we use have got, however, we do not need another auxiliary.

have as a full verb:

I do not have a car.

Do I have a car?

have as an auxiliary verb:

I have not got a car.

Have I got a car?

The verb “will”

The verb will can only be used as an auxiliary. We use it to

form the future tenses.

The auxiliary verb “will”

Future I:

He will not play football.

Future II:

He will have played football.

The verb will remains the same for all forms (no “s” for 3rd

person singular). The short form for negative sentences is

won’t.’

eg; I will, he will

I will not = I won’t

The verb “do”

The verb do can be both an auxiliary and a full verb. As an auxiliary we use do in negative sentences and questions for most verbs (except not for be, will, have got and modal verbs) in Simple Present and Simple Past. (Use the infinitive of the full verb.)

Modal             Meaning                         Example

can                 to express ability              I can speak a little Russian.

can                 to request permission       Can I open the window?

may                to express possibility       I may be home late.

May               to request permission      May I sit down, please?

must               to express obligation       I must go now.

must               to express strong belief    She must be over 90 years

should            to give advice                    You should    stop smoking.